du (disk usage)

Disk Usage of Directories

Größe von Verzeichnissen und Inhalten zusammenzählen: du (disk usage)

z.B.

du -a -m

zählt alle Verzeichnisse und Dateien (-a) zusammen uns zeigt Ergebnis in MB (-m)

-h : human readable (or „–human-readable“)

-x : berücksichtigt keine gemounteten Unterverzeichnisse

z.B. nummerisch sortiert

du -shx | sort -n

A partition filled >=90% for cronscript:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# loop over each device name culled from df with grep, excluding tmpfs entries
# the device name is stored in $dev
for dev in `df | grep -v tmpfs | egrep -o ^/dev/[[:alnum:]]\{3,4\}`; do
used=`df | grep ^$dev | egrep -o [0-9]\{1,2\}% | egrep -o [0-9]\{1,2\}` # the percent of space used is stored in $used
fs=`df | grep ^$dev | egrep -o /[[:alpha:]/]*$` # the mount point is stored in fs
if [ $used -ge 90 ]; then # if more than 90% of space is used
echo "$dev ($fs) is $used% full." | mail -s "$dev is low on free space." root # send a warning email to root
fi
done 

or

#!/bin/bash
system=`hostname --fqdn`
for line in `df -aPh | grep "^/" | sort | awk '{print$6"-"$5"-"$4}'`; do
percent=`echo "$line" | awk -F - '{print$2}' | cut -d % -f 1`
partition=`echo "$line" | awk -F - '{print$1}' | cut -d % -f 1`

limit=90

if [ $partition == '/cdrom' ]; then
limit=101
fi

if [ $percent -ge $limit ]; then
echo "Free Space warning!" | mail -a "From: spacecsekker" -s "[$system] $line" xxx@xxx.bme.hu
fi
done 

Quelle¹⁾

The du command ( disk usage ) gather and summarize about how much your disk space being used by your file and the disk space being use by directory in the Linux system The du command can be use to find the size of file and the size of directory in Linux system. The example below show the step to use the du command to get the size of file and the size of directory in Linux Fedora Core system.

Using du command to get file size.

 
[root@fedora ~]#  du -h 
4.0K ./.rhopenoffice1.1/program/addin 
108K ./.gnome2 
28K ./.nautilus/metafiles 
32K ./.nautilus 
6.0M ./.mozilla/firefox/1wvl2gwo.default/Cache 
12K ./.mozilla/firefox/1wvl2gwo.default/chrome 
12M . 
 

The output from above command show the size of each file, directory and with the total size used in your system in human readable size ( -h ).

The du command can be use to determine the total size of file in current directory. The example below show the du command use with -s (summarize) and -h (human readable format) option to summaries the size of disk space taken by current directory.

   
[root@fedora ~]#  du -s 
768096 . 
[root@fedora ~]#  du -sh 
751M . 
[root@fedora ~]# 

   
[root@fedora ~]#  du -sh * 
14M 20060524-033-x86.exe 
85M labu-punyer 
8.0K libjmti.odt 
4.0K linux-feeds.txt 
4.0K mambo_conf.txt 
8.0K yumex-0-1.0.1-1.0.fc5.html 
408K yumex-1.0.1-1.0.fc5.noarch.rpm 
8.0K yum install 
11M zope-2.8.5-1.fc5.i386.rpm 
[root@fedora ~]# 
  

The example below show du command execute with -c option to get the size of each file that have filename ending with .txt and then display grand total of all files in human readable format.

   
[root@fedora ~]#  du -ch *.txt 
4.0K create.drupal-2.txt 
4.0K create.drupal.db.txt 
4.0K drupal-pass.txt 
4.0K joomla-bazz.txt 
4.0K linux-feeds.txt 
4.0K mambo_conf.txt 
8.0K msql-bazz.txt 
4.0K setup_mysql_mambo.txt 
4.0K simple.txt 
40K total 
[root@fedora ~]# 
  

The example below show the use of du command to get the disk usage of each user home directory on the system.

  
[root@fedora home]#  pwd 
/home 
[root@fedora home]#  du -sh * 
492K bazz 
48K botol 
44K hamirul 
22M kambing 
48K kayu 
56K labu 
80K sysuser 
40K william 
40K ycluckers 
[root@fedora home]# 
  

[root@fedora home]#  pwd 
/home 
[root@fedora home]#  du -csh * 
492K bazz 
48K botol 
44K hamirul 
22M kambing 
48K kayu 
56K labu 
80K sysuser 
40K william 
40K ycluckers 
23M total 
[root@fedora home]# 
  

• -a, –all write counts for all files, not just directories
• –apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
• -B, –block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
• -b, –bytes equivalent to `–apparent-size –block-size=1'
• -c, –total produce a grand total
• -D, –dereference-args dereference FILEs that are symbolic links
• -H like –si, but also evokes a warning; will soon change to be equivalent to –dereference-args (-D)
• -h, –human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
• –si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
• -k like –block-size=1K
• -l, –count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
• -L, –dereference dereference all symbolic links
• -P, –no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
• -0, –null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
• -S, –separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
• -s, –summarize display only a total for each argument
• -x, –one-file-system skip directories on different filesystems
• -X FILE, –exclude-from=FILE Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
• –exclude=PATTERN Exclude files that match PATTERN
• –max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with –all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; –max-depth=0 is the same as –summarize
• –help display this help and exit